GIP is secreted by the enteroendocrine K-cells concentrated in the proximal intestines, including the duodenum and jejunum ( via both neural and endocrine mediated factors ( Incretins act on G-protein coupled receptors on the beta cells of the pancreas, leading to a cAMP mediated pathway that ultimately results in insulin secretion ( Figure 1 )
Stopping GLP-1 therapy tends to bring appetite back, often leading to weight regain
Berberine has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and current research is focusing on its potential for use with diabetes, obesity, PCOS, and fertility, to name a few (2)
Cardiovascular biomarkers in pregnancy with diabetes and associations to glucose control
Ryu JK, Yan Z, Montano M, Sozmen EG, Dixit K, Suryawanshi RK, et al